Many dogs that are perfectly behaved around people and other dogs off leash will bark, lunge, and snarl when meeting those same people and dogs on leash. This is known as "leash reactivity" and can create embarrassing situations and a dog that is a challenge to handle on leash. The beginnings of leash reactivity are usually found in puppy-hood or adolescence. It can begin either as fear of new people and dogs or as excitement. The frightened dog quickly learns that barking will make the scary thing go away. The excited dog often begins to bark in frustration when she can’t reach the creature she wants to play with and then learns that barking, in and of itself, can be fun. Both of these situations can create dogs that make a habit out of barking and lunging on leash. Below are some ways to prevent your dog from becoming leash reactive.

Bring a pouch of high-value treats on neighborhood walks: You can use an old purse or fanny pack to store treats, or you can purchase a treat pouch at a pet store. Any time you see a dog or person approaching, get your dog’s attention and offer him a continuous stream of treats until the person or dog is out of eyesight. Then close the pouch and continue on your walk. This will make the arrival of people and other dogs a cue to engage with you.

Ask for a good behavior before allowing your dog to meet new people and dogs: Request a sit or a down from your dog. If he cannot perform the behavior, he cannot meet a new person. This can help keep excitement levels down as well as demonstrating that you have ultimate control over who your dog meets and when.

Find a management tool that allows you to walk easily with your dog: Head halters and front-clasping harnesses are wonderful tools if you have a dog that pulls on walks. Being able to set the pace for your walks will also help you maintain control when you encounter people and dogs.

Keep your cool: If you begin to feel anxious when encountering new people and dogs, your dog will notice and react to it with anxiety of her own. Even if you’re inwardly concerned, stay outwardly calm and your dog will too.

Read your dog: If your dog is showing signs of fear when passing other people, don’t wait for growling or barking to begin. Get your dog out of a frightening situation as soon as you see he’s uncomfortable. This will make you a much better leader as well as a place of safety in your dog’s eyes.

All of these are ways to prevent leash reactivity. If your dog is already barking on leash, contact a trainer as soon as possible. The longer this problem goes on, the harder it is to work with.